Friday, December 27, 2019

Essay on The Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller

The Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller There are strong parallels between Arthur Millers The Crucible and the history it depicts and the reign of terror that the 1950s era of McCarthyism repeated. These two historical events are linked by several commonalities: a lack of intelligent discussion, public hysteria, threats, fear and finally, the presumption of guilt rather than innocence. Miller convincingly uses fiction and dialogue to recreate a very real moment in history, which due to the timing of the plays release may also have been purposely created as a response to the actions of Joseph McCarthy. Joe McCarthy defiantly states, I have in my hand a list of 205 cases of individuals who appear to be either carrying†¦show more content†¦The tone of these remarks is strikingly lighthearted considering that the punishment for this invisible crime is death. The word hope implies, with a bit of sarcasm, that it would be much easier for all concerned if the witches would just come forward and admit they are evil. S ince this is impossible it is the responsibility of the good citizens of Salem to do it for them! Danforth refuses to pardon the prisoners or postpone their executions because he sincerely believes in their guilt. He does not want to cast doubt on the justification of the hangings of twelve previous condemned and the sentence of hanging for the seven remaining prisoners. It would not be fair to the twelve already hanged if the seven remaining prisoners were pardoned. Basically, Danforth is saying that in order to be fair to twelve unfairly hanged people, seven more have to confess to crimes they did not commit or die for them. Throughout history there are many examples where fear and hysteria pervade and wrongs are committed against innocent people. The most obvious is the idea of guilt by association, which is clearly evident in both the play and the hearings. Joseph McCarthy was a tormenter. Hundreds of innocent men and women had their lives destroyed due to his greed. Mu ch of the suffering he directlyShow MoreRelatedI’m Not a Witch†¦ or a Communist! I Plead the 5th! Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred during the Salem witch trials in 1692. During this time period, it was thought that witches were infiltrating the religious Puritan societies. The suspicion of witchcraft in Salem caused hysteria among the townspeople, which lead to the destruction of many good Christian people and their families. Arthur Miller, who was arrested during the McCarthy era, wrote The Crucible, a play about the 1692 Salem witch trials, to expose the absurdities of McCarthy’s â€Å"witch hunt†. One of the most obviousRead MoreAnalysing the Historical Content of the Crucible1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I intend to analyse the historical content of The Crucible and its relevance in today s society. I believe that Arthur Miller s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism1356 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I intend to analyse the historical context of The Crucible and its relevance in today’s society. I believe that Arthur Miller’s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. 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DuringRead MoreArthur Miller s Real Life Events Behind Lies, Betrayal, And Conflict853 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Miller’s real life events behind lies, betrayal, and conflict. Arthur Miller was an American novelist who has wrote many plays, such as The Crucible. The Crucible 1953, recreates the Salem Witch Trials, focusing on paranoid hysteria as well as the individuals struggling to remain true to ideals and convictions (Cliff Notes). Prior to writing the play, Arthur Miller experienced scenarios in his life that persuaded him to write the drama noted in the Salem Witch Trials. For example, he was targetedRead MoreRed Scare And The Crucible Comparison Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesRed Scare and The Salem Witch Trials were both events that left a mark in American history. The Red Scare began in 1917 and took place across the United States. The Red Scare was known as the widespread promotion of anti-communism. The Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 and took place in Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witch Trials were various court hearings and prosecutions of people in Salem accused of Witchcraft. Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible, a play about The Salem Witch Trials, to send a messageRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Honor and Faith is what is questioned in Arthur Miller â€Å"The Crucible†. The Crucible is about the Salem witch trials. Several young girls claim to be afflicted by witchcraft. The afflicted girls accuse people in the town of witchcraft, often choosing victims who they or their families dislike. The main antagonist Abigail Williams with the other girl’s accusations resulted in the arrests and death of many people in the community of Salem. Arthur Miller wrote this play during the time of the RedRead MoreThe Vengeful Heart That Ignites The Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1670 Words   |  7 PagesSalem Witch Trials The ability to live one’s life to the fullest is a God-given right that no one should have to suppress. In the rigid structure of Puritan settlements, there was minimal room to explore life, especially if you were a young Puritan woman. Women were required to sit silently and obey their husbands, take care of the children and the house, and attend church like good Christian wives. However, as in all human beings, these women had temptations and sinful natures. In The Crucible, ArthurRead MoreCommunism And Communism In Arthur Millers The Crucible711 Words   |  3 PagesSimilar to, in 1953, Arthur Miller an American playwright, scripted the play titled â€Å"The Crucible†. The McCarthy hearings of the 1950s inspired the notable play. Consequently, after the hearing, McCarthyism became a vociferous campaign carried out by Senator Joseph McCarthy, which accused people of communism. To declare, Miller uses an analogy using the events of the Salem Witch Trials of 1693 t o expose the ugly truth behind communism and McCarthyism. To begin, the word crucible derived from theRead MoreSocial Criticism in Arthur Millers The Crucible1003 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Criticism in Arthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, is a chronological narrative including a large cast of characters with a constantly moving setting.* The Crucible is a dramatization of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and an allegory of the McCarthyism period. Throughout the play, Miller explores the destruction of freedom by the ignorant and tyrannical society in which his characters live.* By exhibiting how easily a member of the community can become

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Government Spying Exceeding The Laws And Values Of A...

Government Spying: Exceeding the Laws and Values of a Democratic Society The war on terrorism immediately followed the 9/11 attacks on American soil. However, shortly after the horrific event came the USA Patriot Act. The Act, was immediately passed by those in the House of Representatives and signed by the president became the new law. It passed abruptly and by the majority without being fully examined giving new privileges to the U.S. Government over the private individual. The USA Patriot Act consists of hundreds of pages of changes and revisions of law that could eventually affect the rights of American citizens forever. In particular, the Act entails major alterations to existing surveillance laws expanding the government s authority to spy on citizens, while at the same time reducing their public and constitutional accountability to American citizens. The main idea is that spying on citizens is a useless weapon; its methods are misused, it is unnecessary, it threatens a constitutional democracy, and it is unconstitutional for the United States gover nment to spy on its citizens when combating terrorism. Spying on American citizens is now a common method employed by the government striving to protect the nation from terrorist attacks. Nonetheless, since its incorporation, the Act has been controversial as politicians and citizens alike have argued between the need to keep society safe and abusive powers of the government over its citizens. Although, mandated to serve as

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Techniques for Studying Gluten Protein-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Find a protein of interest and describe five Protein Technologies that have been used to study it. Answer: Protein: Gluten Gluten comprises of two different protein components; gliadin and glutenin. It is the composite of both glutelin and prolamin proteins that are conjoined to starch in grass-related cereal endosperms. Gliadin has between 30000Da and 80000 Da of relative molecular mass while glutenin has several millions Da of relative molecular mass (Hochegger et al, 2015).Gluten is thus a long molecule with strong but flexible characteristics. Structurally, gluten is a yellowish-white, elastic, sticky and tough protein. Because of its characteristics the protein is useful in the bread-making industry because it is able to trap carbon dioxide that is released in the flour-yeast reaction giving flour the chewiness characteristics and making it rise to keep a particular shape. There are different techniques of studying gluten components and analysing their characteristics. These include R5 ELISA test kits, biosensors, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Gel- Perme ation Chromatography and Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography. These techniques however vary in terms of sensitivity and in the particular characteristics of gluten protein that they measure. Sandwich R5 ELISA Test Gluten protein components are mainly analysed using the sandwich R5 ELISA format. This analysis technique has a high sensitivity and it is quite specific for each gluten protein (Hochegger et al, 2015). Usually, sandwich R5 ELISA method is utilized in quantifying antigens especially when they are lowly concentrated and also when they are in a sample that has a larger amount of proteins which are non-gluten (Tranquet et al, 2012). It is based mainly on the R5 antibody, and therefore uses both R5 antibody and R5 conjugated antibody, which bind to different antigen sites. R5 antibody can recognize celiac epitopes that are potentially toxic repeatedly occurring in prolamins. These celiac epitopes include QQPFP, PQPFP, QQPYP, QQQFP, QLPYP and LQPFP. The epitopes are found in toxic-celiac peptides such as Gliadin 33 mer peptide, Gliadin 25 mer peptide, and the Gliadin 26 mer peptide (Guerdrum, 2013). The R5 ELISA assay has a gliadins quantification limit of 1.56 ppm. The assay must however be combined with the cocktail extraction solution. Several studies indicate that the R5 ELISA technique has been internationally accepted to be the main gluten detection method in foods by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. However, quantifying gluten in hydrolysed foods using this approach is slightly inaccurate since there is always need for two intact epitopes to help quantify gluten content (Hochegger et al, 2015). As a result, a competitive R5 ELISA that is based on an R5 monoclonal antibody is used to give a precise quantification. The later can quantify intact and/or fragmented gluten since the technique uses just one antibody and thus just one epitope is needed for complete gluten detection. Additionally, the competitive system is considered cheaper but faster as compared to the sandwich ELISA14 system (Guerdrum, 2013). According to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, there is need to modify R5 competitive ELISA assay in order to enable hydrolysed gluten detection. While the competitive technique is not compatible with the coc ktail extraction solution; a combination of the competitive assay and UPEX solution gives complete and very accurate gluten analysis. In regard testing for gluten in wheat, barley and rye R-5 antibody ELISA technique remains the favorite approach (Guerdrum, 2013). This is because the antibody neither reacts with glutenins, nor glutelins in rye and barley. Currently, the Codex committee on protein analytical methods recommends R-5 ELISA technique for analyzing gluten content in foods. Figure 1: obtained from https://www.wgpat.com/proceeding_25th.html The sandwich Omega analytical method thus varies from the competitive sandwich R5 ELISA test. The table below shows the variation in these methods in regard to detecting and characterising gluten protein. Figure 1 above shows a bar graph of gluten levels (ppm) in samples of buckwheat detected by Sandwich R5 ELISA test just after extracting using the cocktail solution. comparison of Sandwich Omega ELISA and the Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA Sandwich Omega ELISA(Sandwich R5 ELISA) The Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA It uses 40% of ethanol solution in extracting proteins Needs 2 epitopes for two antibodies to bind a protein It underestimates content of protein in particularly for hydrolysed and/or partially hydrolysed barley. Is able to detect heated i.e. denatured and also the unheated proteins even at gluten levels150 ppm Has higher sensitivity versions for protein analysis Detects gliadin, a gluten component Utilise extraction mixture of provided compounds Only needs a single but specific epitope i.e. the R5 monoclonal antibody Needs just one antibody Can detect protein that is highly heat resistant and toxic at the same time, very accurately The technique overestimates the content of protein in barley It cannot be used to determine hydrolysed gluten proteins It is able to detect heated and/or unheated proteins It can recognize barley, rye and wheat gliadin with 3 ppm and detection levels and can even measure5 ppm (Hochegger et al, 2015). The technique detects gliadin, one of the components of gluten. Figure 2: A comparison of Sandwich Omega ELISA and the Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA Biosensors There are several biosensors that are used in the detection and characterization of gluten components. Biosensors are used especially to detect gliadin presence in in gluten-free food products. The first electrochemical biosensor relies on an antibody that is raised against gliadins immunodominant epitope that has 5.5 g/L of limit of detection (Gomes de Sousa Filho et al, 2014). The second biosensor is based on anti-gliadin Fab fragments adsorption properties on gold surfaces. The limit of detection for gliadin has been assessed by impedance and shown to be 0.42 mg/L and by amperometry that showed 3.29 g/L LOD (Nirantar et al, 2014). Lately, a biosensor referred to as quartz crystal microbalance biosensor which incorporates nanoparticles of gold can detect gliadin that has 8 g/Kg60 limit of detection (Sensors and Materials, 2016). A different biosensor which uses antibody-conjugated immunomagnetic beads of anti-gliadin and/or fluorescence-dye-loaded immunoliposomal nanovesicles so as to form a sandwich, registered 0.6 mg/L limit of detection for gliadin. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Polymerase chain reaction techniques can also be used to detect, characterize and even quantify DNA of cereals containing gluten. These techniques are able to not only characterize but also can provide various cultivars and enable the selection of genotypes coding for different gluten proteins that have the best quality of making bread (Debnath et al, 2009). PCR in combination with agarose gels can be used detect the presence of wheat in oats. In other studies quantitative PCR system in combination with the agarose gels is used to detect wheat, rye and barley contamination simultaneously, in gluten-free food products. The use of agarose gels is however disadvantageous and therefore the wheat DNA detection and quantification relies purely on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) (Wang et al, 2010). There is currently a Q-PCR system that is reliable and provides rapid wheat DNA quantification in gluten-free food products and even in the raw materials. Its development is based SYBR Green I fluorescent dye and the modified extraction protocol of Guanidine-HCl or Proteinase K DNA. This particular system is very specific in nature and has a high sensitivity presenting up to 20 pg DNA/mg quantification limit (Debnath et al, 2009). This system when compared with the levels of glutens prolamin that have been determined using R5 ELISA commercial technique, it is clear that except for a few foods that are hydrolysed and/or highly processed; every sample that has prolamin levels that are above the quantification limit of R5 ELISA test (1.5 mg/kg) gives positive signals on Q-PCR system (Meral, 2016). It is therefore recommended that this particular Q-PCR system can be relied on to confirm the presence of gluten or generally wheat in foods, as a non-immunological tool, through the DNA pathway. This is especially useful in approving foods for celiacs and for those that have gluten allergy. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry The LC-MS/MS technique is also one of the methods for studying gluten proteins. The technique can be able to detect various species based on several markers with several confirmation points. This makes it less vulnerable to provide false positives and/or false negatives while giving far more detection confirmation (Lock, 2013). Since the LC-MS/MS technique is very specific in nature, it can distinguish species through the use of multiple peptide markers. LC-MS/MS mainly differs from R5 ELISA technique since it can rely on specific markers in wheat, oats, and rye. The individual markers for the above species can distinguish one from the other through LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS tool is thus advantageous than the R5 ELISA technique in that it can use a number of peptide markers with a similar number of MRMs for every gluten peptide to detect gluten presence in a particular sample with different species (Liang et al, 2011). It is therefore the most feasible approach in detecting gluten in fo ods. It has also been proven that ELISA test kits fail to detect allergens in processed foods because of processing which brings changes on the proteins structure and thus preventing the binding of an antibody; leading to false negatives The LC-MS/MS technique detects 510 ppm gluten levels in gluten-free foods provides a linear response that is linear and also larger when compared to the response which is usually obtained ELISA tests(Liang et al, 2011). The current LC-MS/MS technique involves 80-fold sample dilution; that is then injected onto LC-MSMS system. This enables the system to potentially detect low gluten levels (0.55 ppm) particularly when the concentrate is collected and the peptide markers purified using under the SPE protocol (Creese Cooper, 2007). The presence of several markers for every variety of gluten and the ready availability of scans of MRM triggered product ion gives many gluten contamination confirmation points. This also provides confidence in gluten detection results obtained while reducing false positive and/or false negative risks that emerge in ELISA tests. Gel-Permeation Chromatography Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography Gel-permeation chromatography relies on the principle of using materials that contain dextran to separate different macromolecules according to their molecular size differences. The procedure basically determines protein molecular weights and can also be used in decreasing concentration of salt in solutions of proteins (Bacskay et al, 2014). The gel- permeation column has a stationary phase which consist small-pored inert molecules. A solution containing various molecules that have varying dimensions, are continuously passed through the column at a flow rate that is constant. Molecules which are larger than the pore sizes are not able to permeate into the gel particles but retained within a restricted area between particles. The larger molecules can pass through the spaces that are between the porous particles to rapidly move inside the column (Jannah, 2015). On the other hand, smaller molecules diffuse into the pores as they get smaller, these molecules leave this column but with a longer retention time. The column material which is frequently used in gel permeation chromatography columns is the Sephadeks G type. Other column materials in this technique include agorose, dextran and polyacrylamide. Studies have indicated that conventional SE chromatography as described above has a lot of disadvantages as it is slow and usually has column beds that are unstable. Thus, results are likely to be unreliable and difficult to quantitate. As a result, there are Size-exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC) columns which are not only stable but uniform and reliable and thus are utilized in analysing proteins in cereals including gluten (Bacskay et al, 2014). The SE-HPLC separations are usually fast and this allows larger sample numbers for analysis. SE-HPLC has over time been utilized extensively in analysing cereal proteins. The SE-HPLC supports have different and/or varying porosity just like the conventional gel approach. An example of the Toya-Soda-made columns includes the TSK-4000SW, the TSK-3000SW and further, the TSK-2000SW columns. These columns have approximately 450, 240 and 130 A of pore size respectively (Creese Cooper, 2007). They are thus very useful in analysing high, intermediate and even low molecular weighted proteins. The process uses columns of measure 500 X 7.5 mm i.d. with 7-8 ml exclusion volumes and approximately 22 ml of total exclusion volume. Along the process, a guard column for TSK-3000SW with measures of 100 X 7.5 mm i.d. is used (Bacskay et al, 2014). A common solvent used in SE-H PLC particularly for cereal proteins like gluten; is 0.1 M sodium phosphate, with a pH of 7.0 and contains 0.1% SDS. The SDS in the solvent binds to proteins and solubilizes them in a way that the resultant protein-SDS complex sizes relate to protein MW. In the SDS presence, TSK-4000SW separates 10,000 to 1,000,000 MW proteins while TSK-3000SW usually separates 10,000 to 200,000 MW proteins (Tranquet et al, 2012). For proteins and/or peptides that have low molecular weight, the TSK-2000SW column is used. The flow rates in the columns are maintained at 1.0 ml/minute while the analyses carried out at room temperature. In the final analyses , the log MW plotted against the time of elution gives a straight line. Its equation is then used to approximate the MW of any other unknown proteins (Taddei et al, 2013). Usually, the standard measures are run on a daily basis and they are used to inform computer program updates on elution times, percentages, MW for every peak among others. Analysis of Gliadins using the SE HPLC Whole gliadin sample when tested shows the major peak for , and gliadins that correspond to 28,000 Molecular Weight. It also shows smaller peaks and/or shoulders which correspond 11000MW, 41000MW, 63000MW of ? gliadins and further 105000 MW high-molecular-weight gliadin (Tranquet et al, 2012). SE-HPLC is also used in comparing gluten proteins in native and/or reduced forms. For example, the high-MW gliadin is made up of intermediate MW heterogeneous oligomers. Its Molecular weight lies between gliadin and glutenin: and has an average MW of about 125,000 (Bacskay et al, 2014). The SE-HPLC technique rapidly confirms that the high-MW gliadin protein consists mainly, subunits of low-MW glutenin which are joined by way of disulphide bonds. SE-H PLC technique is useful in making comparison between proteins whether in their native or reduced states. Conclusion Gluten protein is a major requirement in bread making. Its levels must however be monitored especially understanding that it can affect a section of the population that are susceptible to celiac disease and those that have gluten allergy. This discussion highlights each technique that is relied upon to detect the amounts of gluten components in foods for rectification purposes. International companies that also sell wheat, barley, oat, rice and rye products rely on the technologies discussed to ensure that their products are gluten free. All the techniques discussed including sandwich R5 ELISA test kits, biosensors, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Gel- Permeation Chromatography and Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography; is crucial in the food production sector. References Bacskay, I., Sepsey, A., Felinger, A. (2014). Determination of the pore size distribution of high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases via inverse size exclusion chromatography.Journal of Chromatography A,1339, 110-117. Creese, A., Cooper, H. (2007). Liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ECD-MS/MS) versus liquid chromatography collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-CID-MS/MS) for the identification of proteins.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,18(5), 891-897. Debnath, J., Martin, A., Gowda, L. (2009). A polymerase chain reaction directed to detect wheat glutenin: Implications for gluten-free labelling.Food Research International,42(7), 782-787. Development of Portable Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Biosensor Applications. (2016).Sensors and Materials, 1. Gomes de Sousa Filho, J., Wiersma, C., Timpe, S., Doyle, B. (2014). Detection of interactions between botanical extracts and protein using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor.Planta Medica,80(10). Guerdrum. (2013). The Determination of Gluten using the R5 Competitive ELISA Method.Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists. Hochegger, R., Mayer, W., Prochaska, M. (2015). Comparison of R5 and G12 Antibody-Based ELISA Used for the Determination of the Gluten Content in Official Food Samples.Foods,4(4), 654-664. Jannah, A. (2015). Isolation and Characterization of Rice Bran Protein Using NaOH Solution.ALCHEMY,4(1). Lacorn, M., Weiss, T. (2015). Partially Hydrolyzed Gluten in Fermented Cereal-Based Products by R5 Competitive ELISA: Collaborative Study, First Action 2015.05.Journal of AOAC International,98(5), 1346-1354. Lexhaller, B., Tompos, C., Scherf, K. (2017). Fundamental study on reactivities of gluten protein types from wheat, rye and barley with five sandwiches ELISA test kits.Food Chemistry,237, 320-330. LIANG, Y., WU, C., DAI, Z., LIANG, Z., LIANG, Z., ZHANG, L., ZHANG, Y. (2011). Microchip-based reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for protein analysis.Chinese Journal Of Chromatography,29(6), 469-474. Lock, S. (2013). Gluten Detection and Speciation by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Foods,3(1), 13-29. Meral, R. (2016). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of gluten.Journal Of Biotechnology,231, S54. Miranda-Castro, R., de-los-Santos-lvarez, N., Miranda-Ordieres, A., Lobo-Castan, M. (2016). Harnessing Aptamers to Overcome Challenges in Gluten Detection.Biosensors,6(2), 16. Nirantar, S., Li, X., Siau, J., Ghadessy, F. (2014). Rapid screening of proteinprotein interaction inhibitors using the protease exclusion assay.Biosensors And Bioelectronics,56, 250-257. Nordqvist, P., Thedjil, D., Khosravi, S., Lawther, M., Malmstrm, E., Khabbaz, F. (2011). Wheat gluten fractions as wood adhesives-glutenins versus gliadins.Journal Of Applied Polymer Science,123(3), 1530-1538. Olexov, L., Dovi?ovi?ov, L., vec, M., Siekel, P., Kuchta, T. (2006). Detection of gluten-containing cereals in flours and gluten-free bakery products by polymerase chain reaction.Food Control,17(3), 234-237. Taddei, P., Zanna, N., Tozzi, S. (2013). Raman characterization of the interactions between gliadins and anthocyanins.Journal Of Raman Spectroscopy,44(10), 1435-1439. Tranquet, O., Larr, C., Denery-Papini, S. (2012). Selection of a monoclonal antibody for detection of gliadins and glutenins: A step towards reliable gluten quantification.Journal Of Cereal Science,56(3), 760-763. WANG, H., CHEN, R., CHEN, P. (2010). Detection of Genetically Modified Herbicidetolerant Crops by Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Assay*.Chinese Journal Of Appplied Environmental Biology,2009(6), 866-870.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The 10 Best Blogs for Content Writers

It’s important to keep on top of the latest trends and best practices to grow as a content writer. Social media is a great starting point, but you’ll save time by going straight to the source: the writing blogs themselves. The following 17 must-read blogs cover everything from copywriting and freelancing tips, to content strategy and social media writing, to productivity tips and editing techniques. Copy and Content Writing Blogs 1. Make a Living Writing Make a Living Writing is a freelance writing blog headed up by Carol Tice. Carol is a prolific freelance writer with years of experience working as a successful freelance writer. 2. Nick Usborne Nick Usborne’s blog is all about helping freelancers write better copy and content for the web. With over 35 years of experience as a copywriter and writing coach, Nick Usborne is an expert in the space. With articles covering copywriting, storytelling, freelancing and more – this blog is a great resource for both aspiring and experienced freelance writers. 3. Copyhacker Copyhacker is focused on helping freelancers and marketers writer more persuasive, believable and usable copy. Their content focuses on providing actionable and meaningful insights that writers can read and then apply in their next piece. The main topics covered on this blog are content and copywriting, email copywriting and general freelancing tips. 4. Ben Settle Author, freelance copywriter and â€Å"anti-professional†, Ben Settle has made a career out of writing incredible email copy. His blog is a must-read for any freelance copywriter. 5. Creative Revolt Creative Revolt is run by Jordan Roper and focuses on blogging, freelance, and starting a YouTube channel. Content Strategy Blogs 6. Content Marketing Institute CMI was founded by Joe Pulizza, an entrepreneur, speaker, and author on content marketing. Dating back to 2007, the blog has one of the largest collection of articles about content creation, written by authors from various backgrounds. 7. Hubspot Hubspot’s Marketing Blog is another great resource for content writers. Not only do their articles cover topics such as 7 Tips for Writing Content that Converts and 6 Traits of Excellent Copy Readers Will Remember, but their marketing and sales content helps writers stay up-to-date with the latest trends. 8. Convince Convert Lead by Jay Baer, the Convince Convert blog is one of the top resources on content marketing and social media. Blogs About Blogging 9. Daily Blog Tips Whether you’re an experienced blogger or a novice, this blog is full of advanced tips and beginner-friendly content to up your writing game. The founder, Daniel Scocco, has bought and sold over 30 blogs and websites since 2004, so he knows what he’s talking about. 10. Nicole Dieker Nicole Dieker is a full-time freelance writers who has been featued in large publications all over the web. Social Media Marketing Blogs 11. Buffer Social This is the blog of Buffer, the social media app focused on social media optimization. It covers all aspects of social media, looking at content marketing news and trends, and writing for social media. 12. Social Media Examiner Michael Stelzner, author of the book Writing White Papers, founded Social Media Examiner in 2009. The website features hundreds of articles about content optimization and using social media as a content marketing tool. 13. Sprout Social If you do any social media content writing, then you’ll definitely want to check out the Sprout Social blog (called Sprout Social Insights.) Productivity and Motivational Blogs 14. Positive Writer Bryan Hutchinson, whose work has been published in newspapers and national magazines created Positive Writer for fellow writers who feel â€Å"writer’s doubt.† All the blog posts are encouraging and motivational, featuring quotes, interviews, and all kinds of articles to inspire your creativity as a writer. 15. Write to Done Mary Jaksch, the chief editor of Write to Done, believes that anyone can learn to write well with practice. The blog includes writing exercises, tips, motivational posts, and more. Although it’s sometimes geared toward fiction writers, there’s plenty of stuff for online content writers too. Blogs on Editing and the Art of Writing 16. Grammar Girl This is an award-winning site for writers which features countless tips on grammar, punctuation, and usage. Mignon Fogarty posts several short tips each week in her friendly, approachable style. 17. Grammarly Blog Grammarly is not only the most popular grammar-checking tool on the Internet, the site features lots of advice and tips for any content writer. As well as grammar and writing tips, there are also plenty of lifestyle and productivity tips to help you become a better writer. Over to You As a content writer, it’s important for you to stay on top of content trends and best practices so you can produce better work for clients. These blogs will help you improve your content writing skills, maximize your productivity, and hopefully inspire you to become a better writer. You could bookmark these blogs or even use an aggregating tool such as Feedly to put all the blogs you follow into one place. This way, you’ll never be without advice and inspiration. Did we leave out your favorite blog about content writing that freelance writers should be reading? Tell us about it in the comments below. Looking to land your next freelance writing client? Constant Content makes it easy for you to sell articles and land writing clients.